What is a coffee roast profile?

A roast profile is defined primarily by the temperature curve and the duration of the roasting process, which are critical factors in determining the flavor development of coffee. As coffee beans are roasted, the heat applied causes a series of chemical reactions, including Maillard reactions and caramelization, that contribute to the overall taste and aroma of the finished product. Each roast profile—light, medium, or dark—exhibits distinct characteristics, such as acidity, sweetness, and bitterness, all influenced by how quickly or slowly the beans are roasted within specific temperature ranges. This understanding is essential for baristas and roasters to create specific flavor profiles that enhance the sensory experience for the consumer.